UMYU Journal of Pure and Industrial Chemical Research

Influence of Structure and Base Modification of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Kinetic Parameters of the Transesterification of Rice Bran Oil to Biodiesel

Kamaluddeen Suleiman Kabo — 2022-12-31

Biodiesel is an alternative to biofuel that could help to reduce the use of fossil fuels and protect the environment. Evaluation of reaction kinetics provides information on reaction rates and mechanism which is necessary in evaluating catalyst’s effectiveness. In this research, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, nanoparticles, nanoflowers and nanotubes were base-modified with potassium to enhance their active sites and used in the transesterification process for study of kinetic parameters. The nanocatalysts were characterized with FESEM and biodiesel conversion monitored with 1H NMR. The result shows that both structure and base modification have influence on the kinetics parameters. In all the catalysts, activation energy falls within 26-82 kJmol-1 indicating that the process was kinetically controlled and nanotubes has the highest rate constant of 0.0287 min-1, lowest activation energy of 59.40 kJmol-1 and highest turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.026 s-1. The results show that kinetic parameters of transesterification are not only defendant on catalysts’ basic or acid active sites but can also be influenced by structural modification. Therefore, the structural and K-modified ZnO nanoparticles have effect on the kinetic parameters of the tranesterification of rice bran oil (RBO) to biodiel and thus significantly reduce the use of fossil fuels in the environment.

Screening of Dodonaea Viscosa Linn (Sapindaceae) for Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities

Al-Moubrak Oumar — 2022-12-31

The crude ethanol extract of Dodonaea viscosa Linn (Sapindaceae) was partitioned into chloroform, aqueous, ethyl acetate, methanol and n-hexane soluble fractions. The extract and five fractions were tested against the larvae of Artemia saline [Brine Shrimp Lethality Tes (BST)]. The aqueous and methanol extracts were found to exhibited remarkable toxicity on brine
shrimp larva at LC50 value of 0.1326 and 62.5 μg/ml, while no activity recorded in the ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions LC50 value >1000 μg/ml. The crude ethanol extract and five solvent fractions were tested for antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion method and the results revealed the zone of inhibition 15.0 mm at 10,000μg/ml was exhibited by
the aqueous soluble fraction of the leaves of Dodonaea viscosa against S. typhi. Meanwhile, methanol and ethanol fractions of Dodonaea viscosa exhibited zone of growth inhibition 15mm and 30mm against S. aureus, at 10,000μg/ml.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacological/Biological Study of Ocimum Americanum (Lamiaceae): A Review

Yakubu J. — 2022-12-31

Plants have been the major source of traditional system of medicine since ancient times. They had been a source of food, shelter and medicine. There surge in the use of plant in medication formulation is due to the availability, affordability, accessibility, safety, efficiency and rare side effects as drugs. The Lamiaceae Family are aromatic plants being one of the source of fragrances, flavours, cosmeceuticals, health beverages and chemical terpenes. Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are traded as such in bulk from many developing countries for further value addition in developed countries. Ocimum americanum, known as American basil, lime basil, or hoary basil, is a specie of annual herb in the family Lamiaceae. Despite the misleading name, it is native to Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, China and Southeast Asia which is known for its anaesthetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and insecticidal properties. In this review, the economic/medicinal uses, phytochemistry, nutritional content, pharmacological as well as biological studies are discussed.

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Effect of Onion against Oral Pathogenic Bacteria

Usman Salifu Oma — 2022-12-31

Dental caries remains a major health problem. This problem along with the antibiotic resistance has created a renewed interest to search for new other antimicrobial substances from various sources including medicinal plants. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of onion and its effect on oral pathogenic bacteria responsible for tooth decay and
mouth odour. Two were used in the study (shallot and red Creole ), and their activities against the oral pathogenic bacteria were compared with fluoride toothpaste. The method of extraction employed was soxhlet extraction using methanol as the solvent. The extract at different concentrations was then applied to the cultured bacteria (streptoccous mutans). The results
shows that Red Creole (allium cepa .varcepa ) at 200mg/ml, 100mg/ml and 50mg/ml shows 6mm, 4mm and 3mm zones of inhibition, respectively, while the Shallot (allium cepa var. Aggregatum) species at the same concentrations respective concentrations shows inhibitions of 3mm, 1mm and 0. The results of chemical test carried out revealed that tannin, saponin, alkaloid, anthraquinones and flavonoid were present in the extract.

Comparative Studies Of Corrosion Inhibition Of Methanol Extract Of Senna Occidentalis On Mild Steel In Sulphuric And Hydrochloric Acids

Abubakar Sani — 2022-03-21

The study of corrosion inhibition of senna occidentalis methanol extract on mild steel in 0.5M, 1M and 1.5M HCl and H2SO4 was carried out by adsorption isotherm studies using gravimetric method. The corrosion rate of mild steel coupon in the plant extract was found to decrease with immersion time (2-6 hours) and with increase in concentration of inhibitor (400ppm-800ppm).
The result further showed an increase in inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor up to 313k indicating an adsorption of extracts on the mild steel surface. The adsorption on mild steel was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.